Southern Jazz Guitar Society

"Dedicated to foster the art and craft of the jazz guitar"

 
 
 
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Tutorial extracts
These following extracts are provided just to give a taster of some of the tutorials given by and to members of the
Southern Jazz Guitar Society.
Part of a report on a workshop run by Ron Myers taken from the December 2006 newsletter
Ron explained his approach to improvising, using the tune 'Out Of Nowhere' as an example and providing the 'chord boxes' below showing fingerings for a major scale.
Ron
scale chart

One approach he uses over the initial Gmaj7 chord of this tune is to start the scale on the G# of the scale, his logic being that this is the defining note of that chord.

He first recommended picking rhythmically and melodically interesting phrases, just using the notes in that scale.

You can think of the fingering diagram above as lots of chord diagrams overlaid on each other.  Look carefully, and see how many chords can be found in this position just using the notes of the G major scale as pictured here.  You can then play the arpeggios of these chords to brighten things up, and get away from a 'playing scales' sound.
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The second chord of the tune is Eb7, and Ron explained how this belongs to the key of Ab (if you want to know why, contact the Editor for a copy of his article explaining this). This means you can take anything you played over the Gmaj7 chord and move it up one fret to play over the Eb7

The tune progresses to a Bm7 chord, which belongs again to the key of G.  Ron's approach, therefore, is to stick with the scale of G, but start it on the note B in the scale.

 Similarly, other chords which also belong to G, like Am7, can also have a G scale played over them, starting on the root note of the chord i.e. A. 

For D7, play a G scale starting on D.  For a C major chord, which also belongs to the key of G, play the scale of G major starting on C e.g. C D E F# G A B C.

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Extracts from a 'Soloing through the changes' workshop
run by Simon Newton
Simon

1. Introduction

On the cover of legendary  pianist Bill Evans's Finest Hour album there is a  quote from the man himself which goes "it bugs me when people try to analyze jazz as an intellectual theorem. It is not, it's feeling". Whilst there maybe some truth in this view, for most novice jazz musicians creating a meaningful solo over complicated and continually modulating chord changes by feel alone presents a real problem. The purpose of this workshop is to try and explain how these problems can be overcome by analysing the chord sequence to Have You Met Miss Jones, with no apologies being made for the theoretical content.

2. Analysis of Chord Progression

Have You Met Miss Jones is a Rodgers and Hart standard recorded by many artistes including Joe Pass, Stephane Grappelli, McCoy Tyner and more recently rock star- turned crooner Robbie Williams.  It shares the AABA 32 bar format with many other jazz tunes.  The A section consists of 1 VI 11 V sequence whilst the B section includes a string of 11 V 1 's moved down in Major 3rd intervals (very much like John Coltrane's Giant Steps progression). The tune is made up of 3 chord types; minor 7th, dominant 7th and major 7th. There are four key centres in this progression, presenting a real challenge for the soloist. Tempo is usually medium -fast, making the construction of a melodic solo over the changes even more of a challenge.

 

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The F#dim7 in bar two of the A section is an inversion of D7b9, which substitutes as a secondary dominant for the V1chord in the key of F (Dm7). The Fmaj7 Ð F#dim7 Ð Gm7 Ð C7 'I Got Rhythm' sequence is found all the time in jazz standards in various keys and guises!  The Am7 to Dm7 change in bars 5 and 6 and 13 and 14 of the A section can be thought of as F Maj7 and D7. Am7 is merely an inversion of an Fmaj9 chord, whilst D7 substitutes for Dm7 as a secondary dominant. Remember that all dominant 7ths here are functioning and as such can be altered. You should experiment to see which alterations suit the tune.     

3. Creating a solo: Scale and Arpeggio Suggestions

To play a decent melodic solo through these changes you need to get to know some scales and arpeggios and how they can be applied. This will enable you to map out the changes on the fret board and help you to locate the strong chord tones for the progression.

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3.1 Getting Started

It's best to start by using only  major scales and related arpeggios to navigate your way through the changes. Although this can be a bit hit and miss at first due to the presence of  'avoid notes' in the major scale, with practice and careful phrasing an acceptable solo can be created. Ultimately it's best to know all major scales in every position on the fingerboard. For the purpose of this exercise, you will need to know the four major scales and associated arpeggios relevant to the four keys found in the progression.

For the F major key centre  - F major scale plus arpeggios of F major 7 and F major 9

For the Bb major key centre  - Bb major scale plus arpeggios of Bb major7 and Bb major 9

For the Gb major key centre - Gb major scale plus arpeggios of Gb major 7 and Gb major 9    

For the D Major key centre  - D major scale plus arpeggios of D major 7 and D major 9

Try to find these scales and arpeggios within a confined area of the fingerboard; apart from being good fret board navigation practice this assists in the smooth transition of lines through the various keys. For example: -

 

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F Major scale        start with finger 4 on string 5, fret 8

Bb Major scale      start with finger 1 on string 6, fret 6

Gb Major scale     start with finger 4 on string 5, fret 9

D Major   scale     start with finger 4 on string 6, fret 10

Many jazz guitar educators advocate the use of this method (called the 'CAGED' system) for learning the fret board and to facilitate the smooth transition of solo lines between key changes.

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